Multi-HAPS Network Implementation within 3GPP’s NTN framework for 5G and beyond
Main Article Content
Keywords
HAPS, NTN, 5G, Multi-HAPS, UAS
Abstract
High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is part of the 3GPP defined non-terrestrial network (NTN) infrastructure for 5G networks. Various technical studies by 3GPP have addressed NTN-based implementations and have significantly studied satellite-based scenarios. However, the study does not sufficiently address HAPS or multi-HAPS based scenarios specifically. Though HAPS, is captured under Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), it has unique operational realities that set it apart from other NTN platforms. For instance, HAPS come in different variants of fixed-wing, balloons and airships. This paper highlights the need for expanded studies specifically aimed at HAPS for more seamless integration. The work also analyses the Doppler effect associated with fixed-wing HAPS systems to further demonstrate how operational scenarios may differ for these platforms and the need for targeted studies. HAPS is expected to contribute significantly to the NTN-based implementations and may require more specialised considerations within the 3GPP NTN technical specification process, especially for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networks.
References
Rinaldi, F., Määttänen, H., Torsner, J., Pizzi, S., Andreev, S., Iera, A., Koucheryavy, Y., Araniti, G. (2020). Non-Terrestrial Networks in 5G & Beyond: A Survey. IEEE Access. 8. 165178 - 165200. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3022981.
Mukherjee, A. (2020). 5G New Radio: Beyond Mobile Broadband. London: Artech House
Anicho, O., Charlesworth, B.P., Baicher, G., & Nagar, K.A. (2021). Reinforcement learning versus swarm intelligence for autonomous multi‑HAPS coordination. Springer Nature (SN) Applied Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04658-6
Hatt, T. (2021). Radar: Connectivity from the Sky. GSMA Intelligence
Lin, X., Lin, Z., Löwenmark, S.E., Rune, J., & Karlsson, R. S. (2021). Doppler Shift Estimation in 5G New Radio Non-Terrestrial Networks. ArXiv, abs/2108.07757.
Roudsari, M. H., & Bousquet, J. F. (2018). A Time-Varying Filter for Doppler Compensation Applied to Underwater Acoustic OFDM. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 19(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010105
Mountaciri, A., Makroum, E. M., & Youssefi, M. A. (2021). MATLAB Simulation of IEEE 802.11p Technology on High User’s Mobility. Ademović, N., Mujčić, E., Akšamija, Z., Kevrić, J., Avdaković, S., & Volić I. (Eds.). Advanced Technologies, Systems, and Applications VI: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Innovative and Interdisciplinary Applications of Advanced Technologies (IAT) 2021 (pp 3-14).
Bazin, A., Jahan, B., & Hélard, M. (2018). Doppler Effect Reduction in an OFDM System Thanks to Massive MIMO. IEEE Access, IEEE, 2018, 6, pp.38498-38511. ff10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2854001ff. ffhal-01852601f
Haps Mobile (n.d). Technology: Specifications. https://www.hapsmobile.com/en/technology/
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). (2019). HAPS – High-Altitude Platform Systems. https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/backgrounders/Pages/High-altitude-platform-systems.aspx
Qi, Y. (2019). Non-terrestrial Networks: Standardization in 5G NR.
https://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/media/uploads/files/CWTEC19-Yinan_Qi-Samsung.pdf
Thales Alenia Space (TAS). (ed.) (2019). Satellite and Terrestrial Network for 5G. https://www.sat5g-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/761413_Deliverable_16_Satcom-5G-ControlUser-Plane-Harmonisation-%E2%80%93-Mid-and-Long-Term-Approach.pdf
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright © Australasian Association for Information and Communication Technology General permission to republish, but not for profit, all or part of this material is granted, under the Creative Commons Australian Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Licence, provided that the copyright notice is given and that reference is made to the publication, to its date of issue, and to the fact that reprinting privileges were granted by permission of the Copyright holder.
Ogbonnaya Anicho, Liverpool Hope University
Lecturer in Computer Science School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Liverpool Hope University, UK.
Philip Charlesworth, Liverpool Hope University
Visiting Professor School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Liverpool Hope University, UK.
Gurvinder Baicher, Liverpool Hope University
Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering Liverpool Hope University, UK.